Situated in the 50 to 300 MW range, the small modular reactors (SMR) provides a solution for regions off the grid without local power sources, as well as for countries looking to decarbonise their electricity by using power plants equivalent in size to those of coal-powered plants (about 300 MW). The SMR technology calls for ambitious design choices, by exploiting the low power to simplify
the reactor systems - which is impossible on larger scales - but also standardisation and modularity. From a nuclear safety perspective, the SMR boasts a number of advantages due to its low power. In France, the CEA is investigating this technology through the NuwardTM project led by EDF in collaboration with Framatome, TechnicAtome et NavalGroup. It is based on two 170 MW reactors, with the target of delivering the first of a kind around 2030. The French state once again stressed the importance it gives to deploying the SMRs by making it the top priority of the ‘France 2030’ plan. This plan provides a clear orientation for French research, setting aside €8 billion over five years to meet the five objectives set for the energy sector and the energy transition in particular. In the much longer term, the CEA foresees the possibility of exploiting these small reactors to decarbonise other parts of energy systems. Under the IDNES project, researchers are assessing the capacity of SMRs to generate not only electricity but also to provide hot water and decarbonised hydrogen to meet local needs. In the latter cases, the SMRs will be connected to high-temperature electrolysis units, an innovation developed by the CEA-Liten.