The LHC – Large Hadron Collider - was first brought into service in 2008. It is a ring with a 27-kilometer circumference equipped with thousands of superconducting magnets that hold accelerated particles inside the ring. The propelled particles collide at a speed close to the speed of light. To collect data, the collider has four particle detectors: Atlas, CMS, Alice and LHCb.
This new work is to increase the collider's luminosity by a factor of 5 to 7, concentrating the largest possible number of particles in the smallest possible space, thereby increasing the number of collisions at the moment that the two proton beams cross. This will allow scientists to study rare phenomena and to obtain the indispensable high precision results needed to specify Higgs boson properties. More broadly, this is a step towards understanding the standard model and scenarios that flow from it.
The CNRS and the CEA lead the French portion of the collaboration. They have been working for several years on superconducting magnets intended to effectively focus the beams. These magnets are one of the controlling parts for all future accelerators. Other R&D in this field is on magnets with very high fields that will, in the long term, increase the energy of the colliders.
Teams from the CNRS, the CEA, and their university partners will work on the Atlas and CMS particle detectors: important improvements will be made to the detectors so that they function with better performance in much more intense conditions. For both the detectors and the accelerators, these projects are in collaboration with small- and medium-sized French companies. As part of scientific projects, France also envisages contributing to the challenge of processing the data from the HL- LHC experiments, which will exceed the exabyte1 scale for the first time.
According to the current schedule, the HL-LHC will operate from 2026 to 2036-37 after two stoppage phases: 2019-2020 and 2024-2026 (when the CNRS and CEA will work on the particle detectors).
©Cyril Fresillon/LHC/CNRS Photothèque-
Atlas, the largest particle detector ever built for particle physics (46m long and 25m high), opened during a stoppage. Designed to help us understand our Universe and how it evolved, it detects elementary particles produced during proton-proton collisions.
1 1 billion gigabytes, i.e. 1018 bytes
The French laboratories involved with the LHC are:
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (CEA-IRFU)
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université)
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg)
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (CNRS/Université Claude Bernard)
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (CNRS/Université Paris-Sud)
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire à Orsay (CNRS/Université Paris-Sud)
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (CNRS/Université de Savoie Mont-Blanc)
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet à Palaiseau (CNRS/École Polytechnique)
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (CNRS/Université Clermont Auvergne)
- Laboratoire Physique Nucléaire et Hautes Energies à Paris (CNRS/Sorbonne Université/Université Paris Diderot)
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie à Grenoble (CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes/Grenoble INP)
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées à Nantes (CNRS/Université de Nantes/IMT Atlantique-Institut Mines Telecom)
- Organisation de Microélectronique Générale Avancée (CNRS/École Polytechnique)
- Centre de Calcul de l'Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS