The origin of life is mainly divided into two hypotheses: "genetic first" proposing an origin of heterotrophic life or "metabolism first" postulating an autotrophic origin. JC Fontecilla-Camps, a researcher at IBS, speculates that the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines appeared on a mineral surface, subsequently replaced by ATP. The same applies to redox processes where metal hydrides could have been replaced by NAD.